Understanding Sasso Chicken Farming
Sasso chicken is a hybrid dual purpose internationally recognised breed that originated from France and has spread to many continents.
Sasso chickens are stronger poultry birds breed, that are more resistant to most common poultry diseases and need less medication and vaccinations. However, they still need to be protected with good hygiene practices to reduce exposure to high viral/bacterial challenges, as these can harm any bird.
Sasso chicken offers proven, hardy, easy to manage and versatile chicken characteristics to many farmers in different countries.
Farmers can keep Sasso chickens in different production systems, from intensive production as well as down to earth simple sheds on deep litter system.
Sasso chickens can be reared using all-in-all-out practices. Or for multi-age flocks they must have free range.
All-in all-out system
Under all-in all-out system, the farm will have only one batch of Sasso, belonging to the same hatch at any time. Sufficient chicks will be purchased to accommodate the entire farm capacity, reared and marketed in a single lot.
This system is more hygienic, lesser sub-clinical infections and horizontal spreading of diseases and thereby lesser mortality rate, better growth rate and improved feed efficiency. However, this system is not suitable for large scale farming and needs higher fixed and working capital per bird.
Free range system
- Under free range system chickens are allowed access to pasture during the day time. The area needs to be enclosed and good green feed should be available.
- The management of free-range birds is labour intensive and very complex due to the uncontrolled environmental conditions and unpredictable diet composition.
- This system is adopted only when adequate land is available to ensure desired stocking density by avoiding overcrowding. We can rear about 250 adult birds per hectare. A range provides shelter, greens, feed, water and shade. Foraging is the major source of feeding for birds. Shelter is usually provided by temporary roofing supported by ordinary poles.
- This is common in many rural areas .
Why Sasso Chicken?
- Sasso are very inquisitive and active which is what makes them such efficient scavengers; it’s one of their main strengths. Sasso birds are very different socially compared to Ross broilers hence they need different management.
- Sasso need less lighting as per the lighting table, leading to more rest periods. This stops them from becoming irritable/ stressed. During these rests they digest and sleep.
- Sasso can be fed using cheaper home made feeds but they are not miracle chickens. If they eat just maize and other cereal crush, they will have a craving for vitamins and minerals which they might seek through cannibalism if it’s not addressed. Make sure they have a balanced diet, either with a commercial feed, or with creative planned scavenging.
- Sasso birds are robust and an easy to manage chicken breed that can be grown using different rearing systems ranging from indoor/intensive to free-ranging. This means that you have options on how to rear your Sasso bird.
Behavioural characteristic of Sasso Chicken
Sasso can not be confined with no feed or activity, they will get up to mischief. Include perching bars, scratching space and things to play with like hanging cds, cabbage leaves etc. But preferably give them time to range freely.
Types of Sasso Chicken Breeds
a. C431
b. Sussex
c. T–Rainbow
a. C431 Sasso chicken breeds
- The C431 birds are best suited for commercial meat production and only casual egg production.
- The C431 breed is a resilient broiler coping well with the high temperatures, altitudes and varying rearing conditions.
- C431 Sasso breeds has extremely low average mortality rates.
- Both males and females can achieve 2.2 -2.5kgs in just 7-8 weeks. After 13 weeks the males can hit a weight of up to 4.8kg and the females can grow up to 3.6kg. The females have an egg production rate of 60%+ depending on feed regime.
b & c. Sussex & T–Rainbow
- The Sussex and T–Rainbow are more focused on the egg production as the females have an average lay rate of about 70% (T Rainbow) and 80% (Sussex) respectively when fully fed. To have a layer that performs this well, the males and females must be separated as soon as possible; either through wing feather sexing at day old or from around 3-4 weeks of age.
- Low cost Point of Lay pullets can be produced by rearing the female T-Rainbow or Sussex together with the males on Sasso feeds then moved over to layer grower feed once the roosters have been sold after 10-12 weeks. Females are then fed a restricted diet, follow the respective rearing tables below. The purpose is to rear a small bodied low maintenance layer.
Before the chicks arrive
- Before chicks arrive, inspect the house closely for cleanliness, proper set up of equipment, litter material, heaters, feeders, drinkers, feed, water, medicines etc.
- Arrange the required facilities/materials required for the Sasso farm. Pre-brooding management consists of Cleaning and disinfection of the house prior to the arrival of new batch of chicks. It consists of removal of old litter, cleaning of the shed- inside and outside, washing, disinfection, white washing and rest for a week.
Basic principle: “Clean the house and prepare it as if it is a new house for the new batch”.
- Management in Sasso Chicken on the Day of Chicks Arrival
- Release the chicks quickly under the brooder. Observe the chicks frequently, and make adjustments as required.
- Ventilation: Do not make the house air tight. Regularly provide a minimum of 30cm opening on top of the curtains on both sides. Cross Ventilation provides fresh air and regulates house temperature. It takes away unwanted C02, ammonia, moisture, dust and odour.
- A Good start is crucial for the final results. If there is a poor start, it may cause poor growth performance in the end result as there is little time for compensatory improvement later.
- Clean and refill drinkers daily.
- Add a vitamin/mineral supplement to the water of young chicks for the first week to help them get off to a better start.
- Protect the flock from the attack of predators and thieves.
- Watch your flock daily for signs of unusual behaviour. Failure to eat, drink or react normally to outside stimulus are indications of a problem. A quick diagnosis and treatment can save your flock.
- From the second week onwards, start creating more floor space, more feeders and drinkers. If you have enclosed and safe place where chicks can be released during day time, you can allow birds the access to free range after 3 weeks of age. However, always remember that it is necessary to provide about 80% of the feed inside the house in the morning and evening. Birds can find remaining feed from the free range.
- Provide feed, water, protection and health care. Check the live weight of 5% chicks at weekly interval to see that the growth is up to the standards.
Brooding Management
Brooding refers to the early growing period when young chicks are unable to maintain body temperature without the aid of supplemental heat. Poultry rearing comprises brooding and subsequent growing period until sexual maturity or until the birds reach slaughter weight (for broilers).
- Young birds out of the hatchery are unable to maintain constant body temperature without supplementary heat. Thus the brooder house or facility has to be well heated to maintain a constant temperature.
- If chicks have to travel long distance from the hatchery to the farm site, these warm conditions have to be provided during transportation to reduce the number of dead-on- arrivals (DOAs).
- First few hours after arrival at the farm are most crucial period for the chick. Pre warming the house at least 12 hours before arrival of chicks provides comfortable conditions to the chicks as they arrive at the farm. They start drinking and feeding soon. Brooding with artificial heat is provided during first 2 to 3 weeks as chicks need external heat to maintain their body temperature. Chicks suffer from stress when house temperature is too cold or too hot. Chicks which are subjected to cold always have poor development of digestive organs and immunity due to which all the other disease problems originate one by one.
- Improper brooding may result in poor liveability, poor uniformity, higher cost of production, poor Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) and poor overall flock performance. Inlay should be given 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness to stimulate egg production.
Please remember - A Good Start is 50% of the success story. If there is a poor start, it may cause poor growth performance in the end result as there is little time for compensatory improvement later.
What need to be done for first few days:
- Visit the shed 5 to 6 times a day
- Check that the birds are comfortable
- Remove dead, sick and weak chicks
- Clean and rake the litter by gently walking through the chicks.
- Clean the drinkers and refill with fresh water twice a day
- Clean the feeders and refill with fresh feed twice a day
- Check the house temperature, ventilation and light.
Sexing the day old chicks
To get the best results for intensive egg production from the dual purpose T-Rainbow or Sussex chicks, it is beneficial to separate the males and females at an early age to avoid over feeding the females, and building too big a body frame for low cost laying. There are many ways to do this but we recommend two tried and tested methods.
a. Observation sexing
For casual egg production for all Sasso, farmers can do observation sexing. When Sasso chicks are roughly 4 weeks, males start to have a noticeably bigger head and larger/brighter red comb as compared the females. The females have visibly longer tail feathers.
b. Wing feather sexing
- Spread out the wing like a fan
- Look at the feathers on outer join - bottom of the feathers are primaries, top row of the feathers are coverts
- when the bottom row (primaries) of feathers is longer than the top row (coverts) the chick is female.
- when the bottom row (primaries) of feathers has same length or shorter than the top row (coverts) the chick is male.
Vaccinations
Sasso day old chicks are fully vaccinated at the hatchery for Infectious Bronchitis and long acting Newcastle disease and for lifelong immunity for Marek’s disease and Infectious Bursal disease. Table below provides summery of vaccination program.
Sasso Chicken Feeding Management
In the first 2-3 weeks of life, Sasso chicks can be fed on Sasso starter at an amount of 500g per chicks (i.e 50 kg per 100 chicks). It is also advised to add a feeder with small clean grit stones the size of starter crumbs from day old, until 30 days before slaughter for meat or continually for Sasso layers. This aids efficient breakdown of feed in the gizzard. After 2-3 weeks use Sasso grower 1kg per bird then follow with Sasso finisher.
Sasso birds can be let out to free range where they can scavenge for free food from 3 weeks of age. During this period 80% of the total feed requirements should be offered in the morning and evening hours inside the fowl run and birds can find the remaining 20% feed in the scavenging. Water should be provided in the shady area in the free range.
Free ranging encourages good muscle development and firmness of meat. Birds may be allowed to grow slowly up to 9 to 10 weeks to get to desired firmness, texture, taste and weight. Good planning in advance is required for scavenging to be successful, aim to plant and irrigate small areas with clover, Lucerne and sweet grasses. This together with dryland production of small grains such as millet or sorghum and maggot, worm or black soldier fly larvae production will create a well balanced mix of energy and protein in their diet. With this production method, Sasso can produce the lowest cost eggs and meat. Birds may be sold according to the particular live weight requirement of the customer, preferably about 1.5 kg to get good fleshing and processing yield.
Note:
Consult your nutritionist for feed formulation according to nutrient requirements. Locally available raw materials from vegetable source could be used. Use of oil, meat, fish and other expensive materials may be avoided.
Managing Growth In Sasso Chicken
- From 2nd week onwards, start giving more floor space, more feeders and drinkers. If you have enclosed and safe place where chicks can be released during day time, you can allow birds the access to free range after 3 weeks age. However, it is necessary to provide about 80% of the feed inside the house in the morning and evening. Birds can find remaining feed from the free range.
- Do not force the birds to grow fast by using high density finisher feeds. Grow the birds to 9 to 10 weeks to develop good taste, texture and flavour.
- Provide feed, water, protection and health care. Check the live weight of 5% chicks at weekly interval to see that the growth is up to the standards. Follow the correct Vaccination and medication procedures.
- Keep record of feed intake to find out Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality, medication and vaccination. Every batch of birds gives us some useful information. Records of chicks received, feed consumption, mortality, medication, live weight sold, and income from sale should be kept. This will help in calculation of Cost of production for each batch and find out ways to reduce it and improve profitability in coming batches.
Diseases in Sasso Chickens
The diseases which affects other chickens are the same which affects Sasso chickens.